Preparationforinterpretation
本文摘要：
Withtheaccelerationofglobalization,theexhibitionindustry,asanemergingindustry,hasachievedrapiddevelopment.ExhibitionsinChinahavenotonlyattractedmanylocalinvestors,butalsoanincreasingnumberofforeigninvestors.Therefore,theindustryisbadlyinne
Withtheaccelerationofglobalization,theexhibitionindustry,asanemergingindustry,hasachievedrapiddevelopment.ExhibitionsinChinahavenotonlyattractedmanylocalinvestors,butalsoanincreasingnumberofforeigninvestors.Therefore,theindustryisbadlyinneedofexhibitioninterpreterstohelpbridgethelinguisticbarriersofcommunication.However,comparedwithcommoninterpreting,exhibitioninterpretingiscomplexinitscontentsandvariedinitsscenes,whichrequiresinterpreterstotakemuchenergytogetusedtothesecharacteristics.AccordingtoGile’sEffortModels,thetotalprocessingcapacityofinterpretersislimited.Iftheinterpreter’stotalprocessingcapacityrequirementexceedsthetotalprocessingcapacityavailable,thequalityofinterpretationwillbecompromised.Asanecessityforinterpreters,2.Theoreticalframework--DanielGile’sEffortModelsInthe1970s,aftertheobservationsabouterrorsmadebyprofessionalseveninspeechsegmentscontainingnoapparentdifficulty,DanielGiledevelopedanEffortModelforsimultaneousinterpretation,whichexplainsthedifficultiesofinterpretation.AndLater,heextendedhisresearchtoanEffortModelforconsecutiveinterpretation.DanielGile(1995:161)putforwardtwoideasthatinspiredthedevelopmentofModels:(1)Interpretationrequiressomesortofmental“energy”thatisonlyavailableinlimitedsupply.(2)Interpretationtakesupalmostallofthismentalenergy,andsometimesrequiresmorethanisavailable,atwhichtimesperformancedeteriorates.Hereheexplainsthatinterpretationrequiresacertainamountofmental“energy”,whichis,attentionorprocessingcapacity.Iftheprocessingcapacityisoverloaded,theinterpretationperformancewilldeteriorate.Gilebelievesthatinterpretationismadeupofnon-automaticoperations.Fromhisobservationofsimultaneousinterpretation,GileproposedthreemainEfforts:theListeningandAnalysisEffortL,aSpeechProductionEffortP,andaShort-termMemoryEffortM.TheListeningandAnalysisEffortLreferstothecomprehension-orientedoperations.TheProductionEffortPreferstotheoutputpartofinterpretation.TheMemoryeffortMincludesthestorageofinformationforlateruse.Here’sanEffortModelforSimultaneousInterpretation(1)SI=L+P+M+CCreferstotheCoordinationEffort,whichrepresentsthecoordinationoftheabovethreeotherEfforts.Thisequationshowsthattheperformanceofsimultaneousinterpretingisdependentonhowwelleachtaskiscarriedout.Thetasksincludetheparticularcomprehension,shorttermmemory,andproductionoperations(Gile,1995:169).Eacheffortinthemodelhastheirspecificrequirementsfortheinterpreter’sprocessingcapacity,whichisdeterminedbyaspecifictask.Indifferenttasks,theprocessingcapacityrequiredforthefoureffortsaredifferent.Theprocessofsimultaneousinterpretationisbasedontheactiveparticipateofthesefourefforts.Theinterpretershouldhaveapropermanagementofeachprocessingcapacitysoastocompleteasuccessfulsimultaneousinterpretation.Withthesameprinciple,consecutiveinterpretationisperformedintwophases.Fromthesetwophases,wecanfindthattheprocessofconsecutiveinterpretationismorecomplicatedthanthatofsimultaneousinterpretation.Butasitismentionedbefore,theEffortModelsforsimultaneousinterpretationandconsecutiveinterpretationarebasedonthesameprinciples.ProfessorGile(1995:170,171&180)believedthat,foreachpartoftheEfforts,theprocessingcapacityrequirementsshouldnotexceedtheprocessingcapacityavailable.Andthetotalprocessingcapacityrequirementshouldnotexceedthetotalprocessingcapacityavailable.AccordingtoDanielGile(1995:159),“oneofthemoststrikingandchallengingphenomenaininterpretingisitsfundamentaldifficultyfortheinterpreter”.Interpretingisahighlydemandingandchallengingtaskfortheinterpreter.Gile(1995:172)proposedanideacalled“problemtriggers”.Thereareproblemsarisingfromanincreaseinprocessingcapacityrequirements,suchasahighrateofdeliveryofthespeech,andahighdensityoftheinformationcontentofthespeech.Problemsalsoarisefromexternalfactors,suchasthedeteriorationofsoundquality,anoisychannel,aswellasstrongaccentsandincorrectgrammarandlexicalusage,andunusuallinguisticstyleandreasoningstyle.Inaddition,unknownnamescomposedofseveralwordsandsaturationmaycausetheincreaseoftheMemoryEffort,thustriggerproblemsininterpretation.Toavoidthesepotentialproblems,preparationbeforeinterpretingisessential.Forexhibitioninterpreting,preparationcaneliminatetheprocessingcapacityrequirementandenlargethetotalprocessingcapacityavailable.
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